Sierpinski number seventeen or bust nivens constant algebraic number theory see list of algebraic number theory topics quadratic forms unimodular lattice fermats theorem on sums of two squares proofs of fermats theorem on sums of two squares l functions riemann zeta function basel problem on 2 hurwitz zeta function bernoulli . Following are some topics in number theory contents of this page pascals triangle perfect numbers fermats last theorem magic squares moessners magic pascals triangle pascals triangle was first introduced by the chinese mathematician yang hui but it got its name from blaise pascal who 500 years later rediscovered it along with omar khayyam the triangle is used to look for the . Elementary number theory divisibility congruences quadratic residues arithmetical functions the theory of partitions topics from analytic and algebraic number theory the distribution of primes and the riemann zeta function the prime number theorem the arithmetic of number fields ideal theory primes in arithmetic progressions diophantine equations fermats equation. Number theory number theory is a branch of mathematics which helps to study the set of positive whole numbers say 1 2 3 4 5 6 which are also called the set of natural numbers and sometimes called higher arithmetic number theory helps to study the relationships between different sorts of numbers